Avian Influenza – Staying Vigilant

Avian Influenza – Staying Vigilant

By Emily Duncan

Avian influenza (AI) remains one of the most significant disease threats facing our poultry industry. While Northern Ireland producers have become increasingly experienced in managing the risks associated with the disease, the threat has not gone away. As we move into the autumn and winter months, when migratory birds arrive in greater numbers, continued vigilance and robust biosecurity measures remain essential.

Our poultry sector is a vital part of Northern Ireland agriculture, contributing significantly to our economy, food security and rural communities. Protecting flock health is therefore not just important for individual farm businesses, but for the wider industry as a whole.

Recent Disease Developments

Recent outbreaks across Great Britain highlight the ongoing threat posed by Avian Influenza. On 2 October 2026, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N5 was confirmed in poultry in Ness, Isle of Lewis, Scotland, marking the first outbreak of the 2026/27 season and resulting in Great Britain losing its HPAI-free status. More recently, on 19 October 2026, HPAI H5N1 was confirmed in commercial poultry near Belford, Northumberland. In both cases, 3km Protection Zones and 10km Surveillance Zones were established around the infected premises.

Although Northern Ireland remains free from AI, these cases are a reminder that the disease remains a constant risk. The emergence of further cases in Great Britain reinforces the need for Northern Ireland poultry keepers to remain vigilant as we move through the higher-risk autumn and winter period.

The Impact on Poultry Producers

Recent years have demonstrated just how disruptive AI can be on poultry farms. Where the disease is confirmed, strict control measures are implemented to prevent further spread. This can result in the loss of birds, movement restrictions and significant disruption to normal farm operations.

Beyond the financial impact, outbreaks can place a considerable emotional strain on poultry farmers and their families. Farmers invest significant time, effort and resources into caring for their birds and the consequences of an outbreak can be devastating.

There are also wider implications for the poultry supply chain. Hatcheries, feed suppliers, processors and retailers can all feel the effects of disease outbreaks, while trade restrictions can impact market opportunities both locally and internationally.

Previous outbreaks have demonstrated the importance of close cooperation between poultry producers, veterinary authorities and the wider industry. Maintaining the cooperation will continue to be important in managing future disease risks.

Human Health Considerations

Although AI is primarily a disease of birds, it is also important to consider the potential implications for other species, including humans. This underlines the importance of continued surveillance and a One Health approach to disease monitoring.

Research undertaken by Queen’s University Belfast has demonstrated the potential for wastewater surveillance to detect and distinguish both human and avian influenza viruses. The researchers concluded that this could provide a rapid and cost-effective additional surveillance tool, helping to monitor emerging influenza threats at the human-animal-environment interface.

Northern Ireland’s poultry industry works closely with veterinary authorities, public health agencies and government departments to monitor disease developments and ensure robust control measures are in place. Prompt reporting of suspected cases and strict adherence to biosecurity requirements remain critical in preventing further spread and safeguarding both animal and public health.

Biosecurity is the Best Defence

While disease threats cannot be eliminated entirely, strong biosecurity remains the most effective tool available to reduce risk.

Simple measures can make a significant difference. These include restricting unnecessary visitors, ensuring thorough cleaning and disinfection of equipment and vehicles, maintaining good vermin control and preventing contact between poultry and wild birds wherever possible.

Recent outbreaks across GB further reinforce the need for producers to review their biosecurity arrangements regularly and ensure standards do not slip during high-risk periods.

Regular monitoring of flock health is equally important. Early recognition and reporting of unusual signs can help authorities respond quickly and minimise the impact of disease outbreaks.

Every poultry farmer has a role to play, regardless of whether they manage a larger commercial enterprise or small backyard flock. Disease does not recognise farm size, and a collective effort is required to protect the wider industry.

Poultry keepers should continue to monitor their birds closely and maintain strict biosecurity. Anyone concerned about the health of their birds should contact their private veterinary practitioners. Where notifiable disease is suspected, this should be reported immediately to DAERA on 0300 200 7840 or through the local DAERA Direct office. Producers can also sign up to DAERA’s Bird Keeper Text Alert for disease updates.

Looking Ahead

As we move further into the higher-risk season for AI, poultry keepers should review their biosecurity arrangements, remain alert to changes in flock health and report any concerns promptly. Continued vigilance across the sector will be essential in reducing the risk of an incursion and protecting Northern Ireland’s poultry industry.